Abstract

There exists today great interest in the development of a viable implantable glucose sensor to assist in the management of Diabetes Mellitus. An implant would allow continuous monitoring of glucose levels. Every conceivable method of detection has been explored with very limited success, even after years of intensive R&D. Our laboratory has prepared a boronic acid-based optical glucose sensor utilizing fluorescence as a detection method. The sensor operates under physiological conditions and gives a reproducible signal in vitro. Current research is directed towards the synthesis of thin film polymers that contain the sensing components. Our goal is to prepare an implantable chemical sensor that is selective for glucose.

Publications:

Gamsey, Soya; Suri, Jeff T.; Wessling, Ritchie A.; Singaram, Bakthan. Continuous Glucose Detection Using Boronic Acid-Substituted Viologens in Fluorescent Hydrogels: Linker Effects and Extension to Fiber Optics. Langmuir (2006), 22(21), 9067-9074.

Sharrett, Zachary; Gamsey, Soya; Fat, Jonathan; Cunningham-Bryant, Dan; Singaram, Bakthan. Substituent effects on boronic acid-modified benzyl viologens: Fluorescence quenching, glucose sensing and pKa studies. Abstracts of Papers, 232nd ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, Sept. 10-14, 2006 (2006).

Thoniyot, Praveen; Cappuccio, Frank E.; Gamsey, Soya; Cordes, David B.; Wessling, Ritchie A.; Singaram, Bakthan. Continuous glucose sensing with fluorescent thin-film hydrogels. 2. Fiber optic sensor fabrication and in vitro testing. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (2006), 8(3), 279-287.

Cordes, David B.; Gamsey, Soya; Singaram, Bakthan. Fluorescent quantum dots with boronic acid substituted viologens to sense glucose in aqueous solution. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2006), 45(23), 3829-3832.

Gamsey, Soya; Baxter, Nichol A.; Sharrett, Zachary; Cordes, David B.; Olmstead, Marilyn M.; Wessling, Ritchie A.; Singaram, Bakthan. The effect of boronic acid-positioning in an optical glucose-sensing ensemble. Tetrahedron (2006), 62(26), 6321-6331.

Cordes, David B.; Gamsey, Soya; Sharrett, Zach; Miller, Aaron; Thoniyot, Praveen; Wessling, Ritchie A.; Singaram, Bakthan. The interaction of boronic acid-substituted viologens with pyranine: The effects of quencher charge on fluorescence quenching and glucose response. Langmuir (2005), 21(14), 6540-6547.

Cordes, David B.; Miller, Aaron; Gamsey, Soya; Sharrett, Zach; Thoniyot, Praveen; Wessling, Ritchie; Singaram, Bakthan. Optical glucose detection across the visible spectrum using anionic fluorescent dyes and a viologen quencher in a two-component saccharide sensing system. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2005), 3(9), 1708-1713.

Cordes, David B.; Gamsey, Soya; Sharrett, Zachary; Miller, Aaron; Thoniyot, Praveen; Wessling, Ritchie A.; Singaram, Bakthan. Fluorescence sensing of glucose with boronic acid substituted quenchers and ionic dyes. Abstracts of Papers, 229th ACS National Meeting, San Diego, CA, United States, March 13-17, 2005 (2005), ORGN-918.

Cappuccio, Frank E.; Suri, Jeff T.; Cordes, David B.; Wessling, Ritchie A.; Singaram, Bakthan. Evaluation of Pyranine Derivatives in Boronic Acid Based Saccharide Sensing: Significance of Charge Interaction Between Dye and Quencher in Solution and Hydrogel. Journal of Fluorescence (2004), 14(5), 521-533.

Singaram, B.; et al. Continuous glucose sensing with a fluorescent thin-film hydrogel. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2004), 43(29), 3748

Singaram, Bakthan; Wessling, Ritchie. Optical determination of glucose utilizing boronic acid adducts. A. (USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2004), 69 pp., Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 731,323. CODEN: USXXCO US 2004028612 A1 20040212 Patent written in English. Application: US 2003-456895 20030605. Priority: US 2000-731323 20001205; WO 2001-US46658 20011205.

Suri Jeff T; Cordes David B; Cappuccio Frank E; Wessling Ritchie A; Singaram Bakthan. Continuous glucose sensing with a fluorescent thin-film hydrogel. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2003), 42(47), 5857-9.

Suri, Jeff T.; Cordes, David B.; Cappuccio, Frank E.; Wessling, Ritche A.; Singaram, Bakthan. Monosaccharide detection with 4,7-phenanthrolinium salts: Charge-induced fluorescence sensing. Langmuir (2003), 19(12), 5145-5152.

J. N. Camara, J. T. Suri, F. E. Cappuccio, R. A. Wessling, and B. Singaram, "Boronic Acid Substituted Viologen Based Optical Sugar Sensors: Modulated Fluorescence Quenching with Viologen as a Method for Monosaccharide Detection," Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 1139.

Singaram, Bakthan; Wessling, Ritchie A. Optical determination of glucose
utilizing boronic acid adducts. PCT Int. Appl. 2002, 103 pp.